Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): What Every Woman Should Know

Stacia Aaron | June 6, 2025 | Frisco, TX

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age, yet it remains widely misunderstood and underdiagnosed. It’s estimated that 1 in 10 women may have PCOS, with many unaware of the condition or its long-term effects. At Functional Beginnings, we are dedicated to empowering women with the information and care they need to manage PCOS and live vibrant, healthy lives.

What Is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a complex hormonal condition characterized by three main features: irregular or absent ovulation, elevated levels of androgens (male hormones), and the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries. However, not all women with PCOS will display all these features. The condition affects hormone levels, metabolism, and overall health.

PCOS can begin soon after the first menstrual period during adolescence, but it may also develop in response to weight gain or other lifestyle and environmental factors later in life.

Common Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms of PCOS can vary widely from woman to woman, but the most common include:

• Irregular periods: Infrequent, prolonged, or missed menstrual cycles

• Excess androgen levels: Which may cause hirsutism (excess facial and body hair), severe acne, and male-pattern baldness

• Polycystic ovaries: Enlarged ovaries with numerous small fluid-filled sacs

• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight

• Insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes

• Thinning hair on the scalp

• Darkening of skin, particularly along neck creases, groin, and underneath breasts

• Mood swings or depression

Due to these overlapping symptoms, PCOS is often misdiagnosed or mistaken for other conditions such as thyroid disorders or general hormonal imbalances.

What Causes PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS is still unknown, but several factors contribute to its development:

• Genetics: PCOS often runs in families

• Insulin resistance: High insulin levels may increase androgen production, affecting ovulation

• Inflammation: Chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to elevated androgen levels

Many women with PCOS also struggle with obesity, which can worsen insulin resistance and symptoms. However, lean women can also develop PCOS, highlighting that weight is not the sole factor.

Long-Term Health Risks

PCOS affects more than just reproductive health. If left unmanaged, it can lead to several serious health complications:

• Infertility due to lack of ovulation

• Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

• High blood pressure and cholesterol

• Sleep apnea

• Depression and anxiety

• Endometrial cancer due to irregular shedding of the uterine lining

Early diagnosis and proactive management are essential for reducing these risks.

How Is PCOS Diagnosed?

There is no single test for PCOS. Diagnosis is typically based on a combination of:

• Medical history and physical exam

• Pelvic ultrasound to check for cysts

• Blood tests to assess hormone levels and rule out other conditions

The diagnostic criteria used most often are the Rotterdam Criteria, which require at least two of the following: irregular periods, excess androgens, or polycystic ovaries visible on ultrasound.

Treatment Options

While there is no cure for PCOS, symptoms can be effectively managed through a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and medical support. Treatment goals are often tailored based on whether the woman is seeking to become pregnant.

Lifestyle Changes

• Diet: A low-glycemic, anti-inflammatory diet can help regulate insulin levels and support hormonal balance

• Exercise: Regular physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and supports healthy weight management

• Stress reduction: Chronic stress can worsen hormonal imbalances, so stress management techniques like yoga, mindfulness, or therapy can be beneficial

Medications

• Hormonal birth control: To regulate periods, reduce androgen levels, and clear acne

• Metformin: A diabetes medication that can improve insulin sensitivity and support weight loss

• Clomiphene or letrozole: Used to stimulate ovulation for women trying to conceive

• Anti-androgens: Like spironolactone, to help reduce unwanted hair and acne

Each treatment plan should be individualized, and regular follow-up is essential to monitor progress and adjust care as needed.

PCOS and Fertility

One of the most emotionally challenging aspects of PCOS for many women is its impact on fertility. PCOS is one of the leading causes of ovulatory infertility, but with the right treatment, many women with PCOS can and do conceive successfully.

Options like lifestyle modification, ovulation-inducing medications, and even assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be recommended depending on individual circumstances.

When to See a Women’s Health Specialist

If you are experiencing irregular periods, unexplained weight gain, excessive hair growth, acne, or difficulty getting pregnant, it’s time to consult a healthcare professional. Early intervention can help manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life.

At Functional Beginnings in Frisco, TX, we specialize in diagnosing and treating PCOS with a compassionate, comprehensive approach. We understand the frustration many women feel when their symptoms are dismissed or overlooked—and we’re here to listen, evaluate, and create a plan that works for your body and your life.

Take Control of Your Health

PCOS is a manageable condition—and you don’t have to navigate it alone. If you're in the Dallas area and suspect you may have PCOS or have already been diagnosed but need better support, schedule an appointment with us today. Let’s work together to restore hormonal balance and help you feel your best.

Call our Frisco office or book online to begin your personalized care plan today.

References:

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/pcos.html

2. Mayo Clinic. (2023). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos

3. Office on Women's Health. (2021). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Retrieved from https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/polycystic-ovary-syndrome

4. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2023). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): FAQ. Retrieved from https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/polycystic-ovary-syndrome